Baseline MeasurementDescription: A Baseline Measurement is needed to determine the exact starting point for each project contract primary (Y) and secondary metrics (y's). Objective: The primary metric of interest (to improve) is the output, Y. In order to determine the progress of the team the baseline performance needs to be determined. Going through his process from the most recent data collection and sampling may generate a value different from that shown originally on the project contract . At this point, if the difference is significant, the Champion, Sponsor, and management may need to revise the contract and the financials.
DEFECT:A characteristic / opportunity / feature that is not conforming. Each unit or piece being appraised may have multiple defects.To distinguish the spectrum of defect types among units write clear instructions, use visual aids, and/or add numerical specifications. Definitions of defects should be known and held consistent throughout the project. If it is found that new instructions and aids are necessary then these should be shared (such as in a SOP or Work Instruction) with all operators and employees affected so appraisals are reproducible among everyone.
DEFECTIVE:A piece or unit that is not conforming. A defective part or unit may have one or more defects.If there are 80 critical characteristics on a part, then one part can have up to 80 defects. Whether the part has 1 or 80 defects, it is considered one defective part. Numerical statistics are used as baseline measurements, examples are shown below and calculations can be found at Basic Statistics NOTE: DPMO is NOT the same as PPM since it is possible that each unit (part) being appraised may be found to have multiple defects of the same type or may have multiple types of defects. A part is defective if it has one or more defects. Defectives can never exceed defects. IF each part only has one characteristic that can be a defect, then DPMO and PPM will be the same. DPMO will always exceed or equal PPM for a given yield or sigma level of performance.
Process Capability Flowchart for Variable dataAssessing variable data is preferred over attribute data, when possible convert to variable data. Follow the flowchart shown below to determine process capability when analyzing variable data.
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