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Conversion Tables



Select the links below to see commonly referenced tables. Within the links are explanations and examples of how to apply them.

Z-distribution


Z-Distribution: Areas of the standard normal distibution

The tables assumes the data set is normally distributed and the process is stable.


t-distribution


t-Distribution: Critical values from the t-Distribution

For the t-distribution, DF = n-1, represents the degrees of freedom. If you have 29 samples, then df = 28.

The t-distribution is used instead of the z-distribution (standard normal distribution) when the:

  • Population standard deviation is unknown
  • Population is normally distributed

    The t-distribution is a series of distributions, a unique distribution exist for each sample size. As the sample size increases it becomes taller and narrower and exhibits more characteristics of the normal curve.


    F-distribution


    F-Distribution: Percentage points of the F-Distribution

    NIST table with the most common levels of significance and degrees of freedom.




    Chi-Squared distribution


    Chi-Square Table

    The chi-square distribution is most often used in many cases for the critical regions for hypothesis tests and in determining confidence intervals.

    1) Chi-square test for independence in an "Row x Column" contingency table

    2) Chi-square test to determine if the standard deviation of a population is equal to a specified value.




    BE CAREFUL when using tables, there are many varieties out there and all can be correct but only when used and interpreted correctly. Some tables are for one-tailed test and others cover two-tailed test.




    DPMO, Z-Score, Cpk, Yield Conversion Table

    (Assumes +/- 1.5 sigma shift)

    Conversion Table









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