P-ChartAttribute (Discrete) Control Charts
A P-Chart is an attribute control chart used when plotting: 1) DEFECTIVES 2) BINOMIAL ASSUMPTIONS SATISFIED 3) VARIABLE SAMPLE SIZE (will also plot constant sample size) Each observation is independent. The purpose is to develop upper and lower control limits (UCL and LCL) and determine performance of process over time. This chart plots the proportion of defective units in a constant or variable size sample. The variable sample size should each be of size to have the likelihood that it contains at least one defect. If the defective level is very low, (sample size * average % defective < 5), then apply binomial distribution exact limits. The chart should not be applied if one defect puts the process out of control. The chart is normally used to detect shifts >1.5 standard deviations. In order to detect smaller and quicker shifts there are other charts that can be applied to variable and attribute data such as Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) and Cumulative Sum of Quality Characteristic Measurement (CUSUM). These are referred to as time-weighted moving charts. This is the most sensitive attribute control chart.
Below is a sample set of data which will help illustrate the creation of the P-chart, its centerline and control limits.
From the data set above the following graph is produced. Many statistical programs offer a variety of options for establishing the limits and centerline descriptions.
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